It’s also true that when one of those groundbreaking companies matures and faces challenges, a founder has a unique ability to make bold moves and stick to the original vision when others urge a less risky course. There are certainly cases where companies struggled when founders were replaced by managers. Remember Yahoo? And of course there’s Apple, where the founder returned and restored the company to its former glory and beyond.
But there are abundant counterexamples as well. Apple isn’t exactly struggling under Tim Cook. And consider Microsoft. Its CEO since 2014, Satya Nadella, had been a company lifer, slogging away in various divisions since 1992. Not a founder, nope. But he’s taken the company to new heights. Though Bill Gates is still revered at Microsoft, no one in the company wants him back at the top.
And god knows, there are plenty of cases where it wasn’t management fakers but stubborn founders who drove a company into the ground. My guess is that Travis Kalanick might have benefited from listening to stodgy managers. His replacement, a management type of dude, has made Uber profitable.
The fact is, not everyone is Brian Chesky, and no one is like Steve Jobs. The vast majority of companies never take off, and instead fade into ignominy. Very few founders get to the point where investors demand that they retain adult supervision to manage growth, because only the rarest of companies get to that point.
It’s fun to talk about founder mode, maybe for the same reason that some of us read Ben Horowitz’s founder-porn texts with our noses pressed to the window. Founder mode, which Graham predicts will one day get its closeup in management texts, really applies only to the most exceptional founders, the ones Steve Jobs once described as “the crazy ones.” Their companies aren’t called unicorns for nothing.
Time Travel
In 2007, I embedded in a Y Combinator batch of 12 companies. (Starting next year there will be four batches a year, with hundreds of startups.) It was clear even then that Graham, who was extremely hands-on, had developed his views on the primacy of founders. My story ran in Newsweek under the headline “Boot Camp for Billionaires.”
Every Tuesday during the program, Y Combinator hosts a dinner of chili or stew for the start-ups. At this first one, Graham and [cofounder Jessica] Livingston distribute gray T shirts emblazoned with one of Graham’s pithiest admonitions, MAKE SOMETHING PEOPLE WANT. A second, black shirt is bestowed only to start-ups that achieve a “liquidity event”—a purchase by a larger company or an IPO. It reads, I MADE SOMETHING PEOPLE WANT.